Risk factors of unfavorable outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients treated with noninvasive ventilation for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure

Abstract

Background-Aim: Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) failure rate is reported to be 5%-60% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Despite all precautions and well-known reasons, the risk factors of NIV failure are unclear for chronic obstructive pulmo